Multidimensional GPR array processing using Kirchhoff migration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mark L. Moran  Roy J. Greenfield  Steven A. Arcone  Allan J. Delaney 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(2-4)

We compare the ability of several practical ground-penetrating radar (GPR) array processing methods to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), increase depth of signal penetration, and suppress out-of-plane arrivals for data with SNR of roughly 1. The methods include two-dimensional (2-D) monostatic, three-dimensional (3-D) monostatic, and 3-D bistatic Kirchhoff migration. The migration algorithm is modified to include the radiation pattern for interfacial dipoles. Results are discussed for synthetic and field data. The synthetic data model includes spatially coherent noise sources that yield nonstationary signal statistics like those observed in high noise GPR settings. Array results from the model data clearly indicate that resolution and noise suppression performance increases as array dimensionality increases. Using 50-MHz array data collected on a temperate glacier (Gulkana Glacier, AK), we compare 2-D and 3-D monostatic migration results. The data have low SNR and contain reflections from a complex, steeply dipping bed. We demonstrate that the glacier bed can only be accurately localized with the 3-D array. In addition, we show that the 3-D array increases SNR (relative to a 2-D array) by a factor of three.  相似文献   

Flood simulation using the gauge‐adjusted radar rainfall and physics‐based distributed hydrologic model     

Byung Sik Kim  Bo Kyung Kim  Hung Soo Kim 《水文研究》2008,22(22):4400-4414

This paper reports the results of an investigation into flood simulation by areal rainfall estimated from the combination of gauged and radar rainfalls and a rainfall–runoff model on the Anseong‐cheon basin in the southern part of Korea. The spatial and temporal characteristics and behaviour of rainfall are analysed using various approaches combining radar and rain gauges: (1) using kriging of the rain gauge alone; (2) using radar data alone; (3) using mean field bias (MFB) of both radar and rain gauges; and (4) using conditional merging technique (CM) of both radar and rain gauges. To evaluate these methods, statistics and hyetograph for rain gauges and radar rainfalls were compared using hourly radar rainfall data from the Imjin‐river, Gangwha, rainfall radar site, Korea. Then, in order to evaluate the performance of flood estimates using different rainfall estimation methods, rainfall–runoff simulation was conducted using the physics‐based distributed hydrologic model, Vflo^?. The flood runoff hydrograph was used to compare the calculated hydrographs with the observed one. Results show that the rainfall field estimated by CM methods improved flood estimates, because it optimally combines rainfall fields representing actual spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

卫星雷达联合重构大尺度流域降水场   总被引：14，自引：8，他引：6  

阿迈德·迪狄安·迪阿罗  刘晓阳  毛节泰  朱元竞 《高原气象》2004,23(1):11-17

给出了一种用GMS-5卫星估计3h降水的方法,并利用地面测雨雷达和卡尔曼滤波器提取误差因子,用于在雷达探测范围以外校准卫星估计的降水,从而获得大尺度流域的(淮河流域)降水分布。在史灌河子流域的比较试验表明：卫星雷达联合重构的降水场具有比卫星估计降水更高的精度,3h降水估计的相对误差从31％下降到13％,和地面降水场的相关系数也有明显提高。  相似文献   

合成孔径雷达信号子带干涉技术及其应用     

龙四春  袁英  陈鹏琦  吴文豪  董彦芳  祝传广 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(4):361-364

分别选用两景Radarsat-2和TerraSAR-X数据,应用子带干涉技术获取夏威夷火山国家公园及其附近区域的沉降量,并将其与偏移跟踪技术结果进行对比,证明了子带干涉技术的地表形变监测能力,且分辨率越高、带宽越宽的TerraSAR-X数据得到的监测精度越高。用两景PALSAR数据,应用子带干涉技术获得唐洞煤矿地表方位向位移,与同期GPS监测数据进行对比,进一步验证了子带干涉技术的形变监测能力。  相似文献   

京津冀城市群地区夏季低层大气风速谱特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李炬  曹晓彦  程志刚  窦军霞  张京江 《地球物理学报》2016,59(5):1553-1565

利用京津冀城市群地区6个观测站风廓线雷达夏季一个月同步观测资料,对其进行了风功率谱和小波分析.越接近地面,测站之间风的周期变化特征差异越明显,离地面越远,差异不显著.各站大于1天周期的频谱特征差异小,而小于1天周期的频谱特征差异大.各站频谱在几百米高度有明显日变化.不同位置的测站其日变化周期信号随高度分布表现为不同程度的地形影响效应.部分测站1km高度以下风功率谱在大于1天高频区近似满足-5/3幂分布规律.降水过程风频谱在低层普遍有小于1天的高频周期,这与降水过程高低空风速起伏和变化密切相关.各站平均风矢量日变化在5∶00—6∶00、20∶00—21∶00有明显风速变化和风向转换,1500m以下风向变化差异显著,偏南风出现时间及影响高度与该地区的山谷风和海陆风相联系.各站之间风速相关系数随高度分布呈现出低层低、上层高的特点.最后还给出了风廓线雷达布网建议.  相似文献   

基于快速分布式目标探测的时序雷达干涉测量方法:以Lost Hills油藏区为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

蒋弥  丁晓利  何秀凤  李志伟  史国强 《地球物理学报》2016,59(10):3592-3603

针对当前分布式目标雷达干涉测量运算效率低、选点困难等问题,本文提出了一种建立在快速同质点选取下的干涉数据处理框架.相比之前的时序数据处理方法,新方法具有选点快速、自适应性强的特点,能在保留影像分辨率基础之上增加空间点密度.另外,在统计推断的基础上,提出基于无偏空间相干性估计的分布式目标选择方法,进而弥补了传统经验阈值设定的缺陷.本文以美国加州Lost Hills油田区为例,在论证数据处理框架的可行性基础之上,分析了因孔隙流体萃取和孔隙压力降低引起的地表变形.  相似文献   

Architecture of the deep critical zone in the Río Icacos watershed (Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory,Puerto Rico) inferred from drilling and ground penetrating radar (GPR)          下载免费PDF全文

Joe Orlando  Xavier Comas  Scott A. Hynek  Heather L. Buss  Susan L. Brantley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(13):1826-1840

In the critical zone, surficial bedrock interactions result in the formation of a mantle of chemically‐ and physically‐altered material defined here as regolith. In the watershed of the Río Icacos, an upland river draining the Luquillo Mountains in tropical Puerto Rico, we explored the influence of lithology (quartz diorite versus hornfels‐facies volcaniclastic rock) on weathering. Regolith profiles were studied by drilling boreholes and imaging the subsurface using ground penetrating radar (GPR). Overall, the regolith structure is not laterally continuous but rather is punctuated by zones of deep fractures that host in situ weathering, corestones, and colluvial material. GPR images of these vertical zones show reflectors at 15–20 m depth. Thus, the architecture of the critical zone in the upper Luquillo Mountains is highly dependent on lithology and its influence on fracture development. At the highest elevations where hornfels overlies quartz diorite, positive feedbacks occur when the water table drops so that oxidative weathering of biotite in the more felsic rock creates microfractures and allows deeper infiltration of meteoric waters. Such exposure results in some of the fastest weathering rocks in the world and may contribute to formation of the knickpoint in the Río Icacos watershed. This work represents the first study combining GPR and drilling to look at the structure of the deep critical zone and demonstrates: (1) the importance of combining direct methods (such as drilling) with indirect methods (such as GPR) to understand the architecture of the critical zone in tropical systems; (2) the interplay of the surficial stress regime, lithology and climate in dictating the architecture of weathering. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Location approximation for local search services using natural language hints     

S. Schockaert  M. De Cock  E. E. Kerre 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):315-336

Local search services allow a user to search for businesses that satisfy a given geographical constraint. In contrast to traditional web search engines, current local search services rely heavily on static, structured data. Although this yields very accurate systems, it also implies a limited coverage, and limited support for using landmarks and neighborhood names in queries. To overcome these limitations, we propose to augment the structured information available to a local search service, based on the vast amount of unstructured and semi‐structured data available on the web. This requires a computational framework to represent vague natural language information about the nearness of places, as well as the spatial extent of vague neighborhoods. In this paper, we propose such a framework based on fuzzy set theory, and show how natural language information can be translated into this framework. We provide experimental results that show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, and demonstrate that local search based on natural language hints about the location of places with an unknown address, is feasible.  相似文献   

Efficient digitizing through the combination of appropriate hardware and software for error detection and editing     

NICHOLAS R. CHRISMAN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):265-277

Abstract

Digitizing still remains a major bottle-neck in the creation of geographical data bases. This paper examines procedures and equipment used in the Dane County Land Records Project as a tutorial for others interested in digitizing maps. Topological structure, determined from ‘spaghetti and meatballs’, detects the important errors and provides a basis for efficiency (in time and cost). For manual digitizing, a simple system of capture running on cheap hardware may be as effective as an expensive workstation. Scanning technology, which used to be expensive, has now become practical, as is shown by an experimental scanner used in this project.  相似文献   

Causes, effects and control of seasonal frost action in railways     

Antti Nurmikolu  Mika Silvast 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(4):0363-0367

Seasonally cold climate and resulting frost action set great demands to railway track substructure in order to maintain track geometry. Challenges culminate on high-speed lines, where the tolerances for roughness are the tightest. Problems may result in highly increased track maintenance and need for temporary speed restrictions. The causes of frost action can be associated with subsoil, subballast or ballast. The major concern in frost protection is to avoid the freezing of frost susceptible subsoil by using sufficient thickness of subballast and relying on non-frost-susceptible subballast material. This paper provides an overview of the main research findings on the role of ballast, subballast and subsoil in frost action. In new construction the material specifications, design procedures and construction methods have been developed to ensure adequate performance of track substructures, but special challenges exist in managing existing tracks that were not designed for modern requirements. In order to perform cost-effective and sustainable track maintenance, it is necessary to recognize the problem areas and define the root-causes of problems. For locating the problem sections and defining the causes of defects, a sophisticated analysis based on integration of track geometry and ground penetrating radar (GPR) data has been developed and is summarized in this paper.  相似文献